Introduction to Tunnel Engineering
Basics of tunnel construction methods, lining types, and safety protocols.

Table of Contents
- ๐ What Are Tunnels and Why Do We Build Them?
- ๐ How We Build Tunnels: Basic Methods
- Cut-and-Cover
- Drill and Blast
- Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs)
- Sequential Excavation Method (SEM) or New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM)
- ๐ What Goes Inside: Tunnel Lining
- Primary Lining
- Secondary Lining (Final Lining)
- ๐ Keeping Everyone Safe: Safety Protocols
- ๐ Wrapping Up
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